The localized electromagnetic and elastic fields, defined by the spherical harmonics, have a very small (about several wavelengths) core region with maximum intensity of field oscillations and unique space distributions of polarization states, energy densities, and energy fluxes. The three-dimensional localization makes it possible to use these fields as structural elements to form various complex electromagnetic and elastic fields. In particular, localized fields can be combined into a complex field structure, such as a diffraction grating. This makes them promising tools to control laser radiation.
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