Sea dikes are used as coastal defence structures in many countries worldwide and have been subject to rigorous study. However most of the previous work and indeed the resultant design formulae for wave run-up and overtopping have been based on 2D testing and field measurements. This current study combined both 2D and 3D tests at different scales such that the influence of such parameters as wave direction and directional spreading could be examined. The results show that these parameters have a significant influence on both the run-up heights and overtopping volumes.
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