The main parameter, defining probability characteristics of sea waves - a freedom degrees number (n), is explored. Being response of water surface on the atmospheric turbulence, irregular waves reproduce two-component structure of wind flow spectrum. High frequency part of developping wave spectrum corresponds an external border of atmospheric boundary layer with n=2( long-crested sea). Low frequency waves spectrum is generated by resonant fdd of wind flow with n=4. Wave system superposition increases freedom degrees number in storm areas condi-tions(short-crested sea).Sea wave stmcture analysis on different stages of development is possible with generalised analytical spectrum. Probability characteristics of normal random process comply 'Chi-distribution' sharing the parameters of fluctuations with n-degrees of freedom f_n(x). Chi-distribution for n=2 is a special case of the Rayleigh probability density function. Oceanographic studies results agree well with theory data. Waves spectra developping in idealized conditions under constant velocities winds, practically comply with the amount of component Sn under n=2 and n=4. Multiple empirical formulas, generalising spectra of developping waves, systematize parameter n. Pirson-Moskowitz wave spectrum , being the base of JONSWAP classification undery =1, corresponds n=2. Variants of generalising spectrum Sn under n > 2 correspond γ > 1.
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