The article presents the future power plants and the fundamental researches and applied researches for power plants in 9-12% Cr heat resistant steels on the basis of studies for fifty years. Research programs are still underway to improve the performance of 9-12% Cr heat resistant steels for high temperature application of up to 650～660°C. The author has recently succeeded in developing modified HR1200 and modified NF12 by allowing only small amount of Al, which has an excellent high temperature properties as well as room temperature toughness in the course of the improvement of TAF steel. 1000MW class coal fired fossil fuel power plants, with the steam conditions of 650°C and 35MPa are now becoming feasible by the use of these steels. In the future, modified NF12 steel will also be applied to the major component of fast breeder reactor and conceptual fusion reactor. Thereby the permanent energy supply for mankind shall also become realistic.
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