Pulse tube (PT) cryocoolers with no moving parts in their cold part are potentially able to replace conventional Gifford McMahon (GM) cryocoolers for most applications. CEA/SBT has undertaken basic research and prototype developments of GM like PT since several years. Systematic studies have been carried out to characterize flow distribution and d.c. flow effects. Based on a good comprehension of these phenomena, several prototypes have been built and optimized for various customised applications. Their performances are presented in this paper.
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