Corrugated metal culverts have been widely used for short-span bridges since the 1950s.They are very economical and relatively easy to construct.Despite their widespread use,early design of these structures was empirical in that engineers selected culvert designs from tables in manuals.Good construction procedures,which are exxential to the integrity of the bridges,were not always followed.It is now recognized that a primary reason for distress observed in older corrugated metal culverts is a general lack of knowledge regarding their design and construction.~1
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