During a destructive earthquake, to reduce casualties, especially in the early period after the earthquake, is most critical. Puzzles are that how the trapped in ruined buildings heads for death from initial injury state without aids, and how to describe the process, what's the best time to rescue them in this process, how to carry out self- and extra- rescue program for them before death. These surely are indispensable and helpful to emergency need, but are not yet settled worldwide. The index of casualties C is introduced for the trapped that is still alive after a destructive earthquake to indicate his injury degree. Because the definition of C shares some common characters with that of SDI (Structure Damage Index), a possible qualitative relationship between them may exist. And, C_0 is committed for the index of casualties related to the period immediately after buildings' collapse. Then, in order to describe the injury-developing process controlled by three factors: the initial injury degree (C_0), the trap surroundings (S_0) and the physique of the cornered (n), a function SFC (State-Function of Casualties) can be naturally constructed. Through parameter analysis on C_0, S_0, n from six pieces of two-dimensional figures, it can be found that the trapped with weaker physique and worse initial injury degree and in more adverse trap surroundings deserves sooner rescue. Two three-dimensional figures illustrate that S_0 weighs more than C_0 and n. The up-to-date research all over the world related to the seismic casualties is basically qualitative, based on the post-earthquake records. This paper is expected to promote the research on earthquake-caused casualties and do some good to emergency rescue.
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