Binary translation, the automatic translation of executable programs from on machine to another, requires analyses and transformations that could be used in a wide variety of tools intended to reverse engineer binary codes. Our approach to binary translation, which is designed to allow both source and target machines to be changed at low cost, is based on a combination of machine descriptions, binary-interface descriptions, and machine-independent analyses. This paper deals with the recovery of high-level procedure calls from binary code; namely, the recovery of parameters and return locations, in a machine-independent way., 'the use of a specification language, PAL, is described, as well as the machine-independent recovery analysis based on PAL. The work described in this paper has been integrated into UQBT, a resource-able binary translation framework. Translations across binaries for SPARC, Pentium and Java virtual machine architectures have been achieved.
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