Utilisation of critical fluids for the creation of carbon nano/micro structures at low temperature

摘要

As fluids approach their gas-liquid critical points, the physical properties such as the specific heat and compressibility diverge due to the formation of large molecular clusters. Incident light cannot penetrate near-critical fluids because of the formation of large clusters, which is known as critical opalescence. The relaxation time of molecular diffusion increase (critical slowing down) and the fluctuations become significant (critical fluctuations) [1]. It has been demonstrated that a variety of nanostructures are formed in fluids under ncar-critical and super-critical conditions [2-5], which suggests that the creation of various carbon nanostructures via self-assembly in near-critical and super-critical fluids may be universal.