Field and laboratory testing of sediment and water in crude oil

摘要

Sediment and water (S&W) naturally occur in crude oil. The American Petroleum Institute (API) Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 1, defines S&W as, "Material coexisting with, yet foreign to, petroleum liquid that requires a separate measurement for reasons that include sales accounting. This foreign material includes free water and sediment and emulsified or suspended material and sediment. The quantity of suspended material present is determined by a centrifuge or laboratory testing of a sample of petroleum liquid (see free water)." API MPMS Chapter 10.4 states, "A determination of sediment and water content is required to determine accurately the net volumes of crude oil involved in sales, taxation, exchanges, inventories, and custody transfers..."