Simulation of Ice Forces on Sloping Structures

摘要

Simulation of ice forces on sloping structures is carried out by means of nonlinear finite element analysis. The ice is treated as an isotropic material capable of cracking and crushing, and the contact interaction forces is simulated with a contact-algorithm that permits surface-to-surface contact with Coulomb friction sliding. An iterative procedure for automatic calculation of the buoyancy forces is introduced. Numerical results are compared with analytical solutions, and the numerical results are in good agreement with these analytical solutions.