This paper investigates the electromagnetics-based transmission-line effects occurring in systems consisting of fast rising voltage sources such as PWM inverters, electromagnetic loads such as electric machines, and long cables interconnecting them. The frequency dependence of the transmission line can only be neglected for sufficiently high frequencies. The frequency dependency of the inverter output impedance, the transmission line's characteristic impedance, and the electric machine's input impedance are investigated and a frequency-dependent model is presented for the system. It is shown that phenomenologically this model corresponds well with measurements made on a practical single-phase system.
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