Immersion experiments of magnesia-graphite refractory samples in liquid steel at 1600 deg C have been carried out at laboratory scale. These experiments have shown the build up of a dense and continuous MgO-rich layer, at the interface between refractory and steel, and the possible formation of inclusions as large clusters protruding from the refractory surface. The MgO-rich layer and the inclusions arise from the reduction of magnesia by carbon from the refractory and the subsequent oxidation of the magnesium vapour in contact with liquid steel.
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