Power quality is a major issue for electric utilities today. Sensitive electronic equipment and computers are a part of daily life and consumers are increasingly critical of service interruptions. In many cases, outages and nuisance recloser operations are the result of animal contacts somewhere on the system. Although animal-caused outages have been a fact of life for electric utilities since the first line was constructed, there is very little general information available on what methods and products can effectively reduce such outages. In an effort to provide electric utilities with a source of practical information, the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) and Southern Engineering have prepared a field manual on suggested practices and policies that can be used to reduce animal-caused outages on transmission lines, in substations, on overhead distribution lines, and in underground distribution systems. The paper contains a summary of selected topics as they appear in the manual for the animals responsible for the majority of outages.
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