To provide frequency estimation, adaptive notch filters implemented in a cascade of second-order cells can be used, along with strategies to track time-varying parameters. The estimated frequencies are then used to provide the estimation of amplitudes and phases in a recursive manner. The proposed RML (recursive maximum-likelihood) algorithm consists of two steps. The first step involves a maximum-likelihood algorithm to adapt the cascaded filter parameters which will provide the frequency estimates. The second step uses these estimates, and the amplitudes and phases are estimated by a recursive-least-squares algorithm The RML algorithm is asymptotically consistent and robust with respect to the neglected dynamics. In the case of time-varying signals its tracking capabilities ensure the goodness of the estimations.
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