Water for Food Production - Opportunities for Sustainable Land-Water Management using Remote Sensing

摘要

Adaptation to global climate and environmental change in the context of the water-food nexus will require both understanding the nature of change of freshwater resources (e.g. where does precipitation fall, and how much there is?), and the engineering of regional strategies to manage water harvesting and water use (natural storage in aquifers and in the critical soil zone, and manmade alternatives including land-use/land-cover manipulation such as rainfed agriculture), leading to maximal resilience. In a world of increasing population, achieving and maintaining food security is a fundamental challenge for human development in the 21^st century. Food security and sustainable agriculture go hand-in hand. The basis for sustainable agriculture is hydroecological resilience, which implies the Integrated Management of Land and Water Resources ("a land-use decision is a water decision", Malin Falkenmark 2001). IMLWR requires systematic monitoring of the pathways by which joint space-time organization patterns of landform, precipitation, recharge (groundwater), distribution and storage (runoff) interact, and ultimately impact the so-called "green water" stocks critical for crop production (i.e. soil moisture in the unsaturated zone that is directly available to meet vegetation photosynthetic needs). IMLWR is ideally suited for a remote-sensing based monitoring and analysis framework. Here, an interpretive study is presented using a wide variety of remote sensing data (clouds, rainfall, and vegetation) from multiple satellite platforms to assess the condition of freshwater stocks (rainfall) and hydroecological resilience in NW India, specifically the state of Punjab.