The power demand and energy consumption of copiers, duplicators,and electronic reprographic devices that are widely used in the officeplate are investigated. Data are presented on power, energy per copy,and energy consumption trends over the last decade and a half. Thedependence on machine speed and duty cycle is also examined, and theeffect of emerging digital and color technologies on energy and powerusage is considered. The hot roll fusing system is found to use thelargest share of energy; in a typical office copier the fuser uses asmuch as 50% of the energy per copy. The dependence of copying power oncopy rate was examined for several dozen commercial machines. For thesample of machines examined, the estimated energy per copy has declinedonly slightly over the past 15 years at an annual rate of about 1%
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