Current-to-Voltage Conversion with Integrated Quantum Hall Resistors

摘要

We report on current-to-voltage conversion with an invariant $1 mathrm{M} Omega$ quantized Hall array resistance. In a series connection of a battery-operated Zener voltage reference, a stable $1 mathrm{M} Omega$ combination resistance reference, and the $1 mathrm{M} Omega$ Hall array, the input current in the circuit and the current through the array are determined by a potentiometric method. The above two currents coincide with each other down to the relative measurement uncertainty of a part in 10⁷ at $1 mu mathrm{A}$. This simple experiment shows that calibration-free precision current measurement, directly linked to the Planck constant $h$ and the elementary charge $e$, can be performed by a Hall array combined with a Josephson effect-based quantum voltmeter.