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Impact of Shell Opening of a Model Razor Clam on the Evolution of Force Chains in Granular Media

机译:模型剃刀蛤壳的打开对颗粒介质中力链演化的影响

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The razor clams alternately inflate the shelled body and the muscular foot when burrowing down to the ground. It is found from previous numerical simulations that inflation of the shelled body not only forms a firm anchor for the foot penetration, but also reduces penetration resistance; on the other hand, further foot penetration relaxes the shell anchorage, which may compromise the burrowing effectiveness and efficiency. This study utilizes a photoelasticity-based technology, augmented with image processing, to validate the numerical findings. A simplified penetrator model composed of an expandable rectangular shell and a protrusible triangular foot is designed and incorporated into a transparent cell containing more than four thousand photoelastic disks. Sequential images are then taken during the model penetration, which include an initial foot penetration, followed by shell expansion, and then another foot penetration. An image processing algorithm is developed to detect the evolution of grain contact forces (orientation and magnitude of contact forces) during the shell expansion and foot penetration of the model. Results from this study confirm the existence of the mutual influence between shell expansion pressure and foot penetration resistance: that is, increasing one causes reduction of the other and vice versa.
机译:当挖洞到地面时,剃须刀蛤交替地使有壳的身体和肌肉发达的脚膨胀。从以前的数值模拟中可以发现,带壳物体的膨胀不仅形成了脚部穿透的牢固锚点,而且降低了穿透阻力。另一方面,进一步的脚穿透会放松外壳的锚固,这可能会损害挖穴的有效性和效率。这项研究利用了基于光弹性的技术,并结合了图像处理功能,以验证数值结果。设计了一个由可扩展的矩形壳和可突出的三角形底脚组成的简化的穿透器模型,并将其合并到一个包含四千多个光弹盘的透明单元中。然后在模型穿透过程中获取顺序图像,包括初始的脚穿透,随后的壳扩展以及另一个脚穿透。开发了一种图像处理算法来检测模型的壳扩展和足部穿透过程中谷物接触力的变化(接触力的方向和大小)。这项研究的结果证实了壳膨胀压力和足底穿透阻力之间存在相互影响:也就是说,增加一个会导致另一个减小,反之亦然。

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