The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is a microbial process in which ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are directly oxidized to nitrogen gas under anoxic conditions. Due to its ability to save about 60% of the operation cost compared to the currently utilized biological ammonium nitrogen removal, anammox reaction has been used in several countries. However, the temperature control range of 30-37°C is required to keep the maximum activity of anammox reaction. Recently, the existence of a specific anammox bacterial species capable of maintaining activity, even in low temperature environment, were reported. If such anammox bacteria will be used in a water treatment for ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen removal, more cost saving operations will be possible. In this study, the capability of such anammox activity for water treatment was evaluated by the comparison of long term nitrogen removal efficiency at a low temperature with both of the anammox sludge cultivated under a low and a medium temperature.
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