Continued growing demand for convenient access to prime locations in dense urban centers focuses the need for new transit station caverns within infrastructure and ground conditions presenting unique construction challenges. Paper highlights key principles and considerations for design of near-surface large-span mined caverns in rock, including entrances and shafts. Evaluation and mitigation strategies for the protection of adjacent and overlying infrastructure are shared. Practical examples from the authors' past experiences on Ohio River Bridges, Number 7 Subway Line Extension, Trans-Hudson Express Tunnel, East Side Access and Second Avenue Subway in New York are presented, and representative completed station caverns.
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