Impact experiments using sand particles and soda lime glass spheres were performed on four distinct glass substrates. The sand particles were characterized using the x-Ray micro-CT technique; 3-D reconstruction of the particles was followed by further size and shape analyses. High-speed video footage from impact tests was used to calculate the incoming and rebound velocities of the individual sand impact events, as well as particle volume. Further, video analysis was used in conjunction with optical and scanning electron microscopy to relate the incoming velocity and shape of the particles to subsequent fractures, including both radial and lateral cracks. Further analysis was performed using peridynamic simulations.
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