Land degradation has been highlighted as a key development challenge by numerous international bodies, including the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification or the UNCCD, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and is one of the so-called Sustainable Development Goals. The UNCCD aims to avoid, reduce, and reverse land degradation, especially desertification and deforestation, by providing support to sustainable land management. Sustainable land management implements practices that maintain vegetative cover, build soil organic matter, make efficient use of inputs, such as water, nutrients and pesticides, and minimize off-site impacts. In the context of Land Degradation Neutrality or Sustainable Development Goal 15.3, three indicators have been identified to quantify land degradation: trends in land cover; trends in carbon stocks above and below ground; and trends in land productivity.
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