Visual observation of the pull-out failure mode of belled type pile in sandy soil and its evaluation

摘要

Image analysis and numerical analysis were carried out to analyze the shape of the failure surface and the behavior of the ground due to uplift loading. Based on the result, the higher relative density provides higher uplift resistance and the highest uplift resistance force was confirmed under the condition of the pile tip inclination angle of 12 °. Moreover, behavior of the ground soil during the experiment can be monitored visually.