Impacted springs emanating from Coal Combustion Residual (CCR) disposal impoundments where "wet disposal" methods were employed is a typical issue that frequently needs addressed during the operation and management of these facilities. Identifying potential impacts to a spring is typically accomplished through regularly scheduled field reconnaissance and laboratory analyses. Analytical testing is performed to characterize the effluent's chemical composition. The management approach employed for specific springs are developed based on several factors including: the effluent's chemical composition and flow rate, regulatory requirements and discharge standards, available treatment technologies, facility operations, site topography, economic feasibility, and constructability issues. Management strategies may include permitting through an NPDES outfall, treatment in-place, collection and conveyance to a centralized treatment facility, collection and conveyance to a POTW, or collection and return to the CCR disposal impoundment. Spring management will often include a combined approach utilizing a combination of several methods. Examples of the selection and implementation of spring collection and conveyance system design and construction are presented below.
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