Chemical cationization of cotton has been a subject of increased interest due to the ability of cationized cotton to attract negatively charged dyes, thus eliminating the use of electrolytes during dyeing and increasing color yield. However, electrostatic attractions between cationized cotton and anionic dyes also result in significantly increased dye strike rates, which may cause levelness problems, especially when light to medium shades are required. In this study, real-time exhaustion of six commercially significant reactive dyes were monitored on cotton fabric cationized using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC). To investigate the method for producing a level reactive dyeing on cationized cotton, the influence of temperature, dye structure, addition of soda ash, and leveling agents on dyeing kinetics and levelness were evaluated.
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