European shopping centre building stock - a pathway towards lower energy consumption via innovative energy policy

摘要

The European shopping centre building stock offers a high energy saving potential and good ground to implement energy efficiency measures. Looking at macro-economic parameters such as sales growth and shopping centre floor area per capita, the stock of shopping centres is expected to growth especially in the European transition economies while remaining stagnant in the saturated markets of western and northern Europe. The energy demand for lighting, refrigeration, ventilation, space cooling and heating, is correspondingly growing in these transition markets. On the other hand, in the saturated markets, the major challenge is to renovate the existing building stock of shopping centres. Both, new and retrofitted buildings require technology solutions and a corresponding policy framework to enhance energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources, while improving indoor environmental quality that is of primary importance for the attractiveness of the sales place. In this paper, the current and future energy demand in the European shopping centre building stock is assessed to 2030 using (ⅰ) specific power consumption and operating duration for lighting, appliances, refrigeration and ventilation, (ⅱ) shopping centre categories' gross leasable area, (ⅲ) developments in building renovation and new construction and (ⅳ) standard and advanced energy efficiency technologies. A number of policy scenarios on the future total energy demand are derived showing the impact of the most important drivers such as renovation rates and implemented energy efficiency solutions. The paper provides recommendations on how to increase the use of energy efficiency measures in European shopping centres, thus assisting the sector to contribute to the European 2030 climate and energy targets addressing the following stakeholders, owner/tenants, real estate investors and policy makers.