1. A material characterization process in micro and macro scales is necessary to obtain material and geometric properties of nonwovens. 2. Tensile performance of nonwovens strongly depends on material properties of fibers and their orientation distributions (ODF's). 3. Two dimensional continuous and discontinuous FEE models, in which ODF was incorporated into, were presented. Their uses in simulating deformation, damage and out-of-plane loading were shown with sample cases. 4. A new parametric 3D finite-element model with fiber curvature and fiber-to fiber interactions was introduced. 5. Based on the new parametric model, flow simulations on an uncompressed and 50% compressed nonwoven were conducted. Pressure drop and permeability calculated. 6. By compressing nonwovens, a significant increase in pressure drop and a decrease in air permeability were observed.
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