Warm Dense Matter (WDM) is the state of matter in the range between condensed matter and ideal plasma, which has higher temperature than condensed matter, but lower temperature and higher density than the traditional ideal plasma. In this range, which is often characterized by temperatures of 1< T< 50 eV and densities of 0.01ρ<ρ<2ρ (ρ is solid density), matter cannot be described by theories applicable to ideal plasma or condensed (solid) matter. Understanding WDM properties is a challenging physical problem, because this state of matter is hard to simulate theoretically or produce/measure experimentally under laboratory conditions. WDM occurs in the core of gas-giant planets and in engineering and physical applications it forms in systems with fast solid-to-plasma transition, such as exploding wires or quickly heated (by laser or high magnetic fields) materials.
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