The paper presents results of a numerical model based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method which is used to simulate the impact of extreme hydrodynamic forces on structural walls. Currently, the accurate prediction of the impact of an extreme wave on a building located near shore is difficult to assess. Extreme waves, such as tsunamis generate, through breaking, extremely powerful hydraulic bores that impact and significantly damage coastal structures and buildings located close to the shore. The damage created by such hydraulic bores is often due to structural failure. As a result, research is needed to estimate the magnitude of forces exerted on structures by such bores. Typically, fluids are modeled numerically based on a Lagrangian approach, an Eulerian approach or a combination of the two. Many of the common problems that arise from using more traditional techniques can be avoided by using of SPH-based models. Such challenges include the model computational efficiency in terms of complexity of implementation. The SPH method allows water particles to be individually modeled, each with their own characteristics, which then accurately depicts the behavior and properties of the flow field. An open source code, SPHysics, was used to run the simulations. Several cases analyzed consist of hydraulic bores impacting a flat vertical wall at high velocities. The analysis includes comparisons of the numerical results with published experimental data. The model is shown to accurately reproduce the experimental results of several researchers and will ultimately be used to model impacts on larger scale structures.
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