Controlling Pathogens and Stabilizing Sludge/Biosolids: A Global Perspective of Where We Are Today and Where We Need To Go

摘要

The paper briefly considers how extensively countries apply treated sewage sludge toagricultural lands, the pathogenic microorganisms that can be present in sludge, and theinfectious diseases they cause. A review is made of many of the disinfection and stabilizationregulations and guidelines in usage in Europe, North, Central and South America and Australia.Guidance of the World Health Organization is also considered. This assessment includesforemost the hygienic but also the aesthetic and practical concerns with beneficial use ofwastewater treatment plant residuals. Prime consideration is given to how the residuals aretreated to insure good disinfection and stabilization and how the accomplishment of that can bemonitored. Next it assesses the developments (including science) leading to the current nationalsludge regulations and discusses them & their applications. Ultimately it addresses the questions:Where are nations now headed and what does the future hold?