A simple practical approach, coupled with degradation of soil strength and stiffness stemming from potential construction disturbance and strain development, was developed in this study for simulation of deep excavations in sensitive creep Shanghai clays. Three instrumented metro-station excavations were simulated by a two-dimensional (2D) finite-element (FE) method using different soil constitutive models. The comparisons between field data and FE-computed results demonstrate that combined with the developed approach, soft-soil-creep model can make a relatively accurate prediction on development of wall deflections during excavation.
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