1) Urumqi has short-lived temperature inversion near surface over the nights from spring to autumn while in winter the inversion can remains all day and its thickness reaches 1,100-1,400 m. The ESEG in winter extends from 540m to 1,860m almost all day long. Therefore, the vertical structure of wind field presents typical "Sandwich" foehn structure. 2) From spring to autumn, the surface temperature field adhere to the regular pattern that temperature falls down with altitude increasing, but in winter the situation is opposite due to the ESEG's impacts on southern areas including mountain and surburb. The surface winds in the southern part are higher but slower in the urban area all year around, and such wind speed gradient strengthens remarkably in winter.
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