PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN USING AN ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL PROCESS

摘要

Bio-production of hydrogen is potentially an important renewable source of energy. Numerous studies have shown it is possible to utilize microorganisms to generate hydrogen from fermentation of various substrates. This paper describes research regarding basic processes that will allow for subsequent development of modular systems for the bio-production of hydrogen from organic wastes. This approach not only has the potential to generate cost effective and renewable energy but also can reduce environmental pollution. Initial substrates being considered are food waste streams and Dry Distillers Grain Plus Solubles (DDGS). The first phase of the research is developing a modular distributed energy system based upon anaerobic fermentation of organic waste to produce hydrogen, heat, potable water, and sanitized fertilizer. The produced hydrogen would be used in a fuel cell or reciprocating engine to supply electricity locally. Energy for the preprocessing of feed waste streams is obtained from a solar collector system. It is initially intended for use in remote locations and disaster situations. It is anticipated that it will be housed in a conventional shipping container for ease of manufacture, transportation, and installation. Other organic waste streams will subsequently be considered. Results of preliminary laboratory tests have verified that it is possible to produce hydrogen from food or other wastes by an anaerobic process. Various innoculums were screened to determine optimum growth conditions for hydrogen production. Operating parameter values that maximize hydrogen production are determined using a statistical experimental design and will form a basis for future development of a modular reactor system that will use various waste streams, including garbage and possibly animal or human waste. The second phase of this research effort involves the discovery and development of a new process for the production of hydrogen from DDGS that has the potential to significantly increase the efficiency of ethanol production from grains. Concepts for the separation of hydrogen from the bio gas using nanoorganometallic catalysis or a membrane are underway.