The Second Line of Defense (SLD) programme cooperates with host countries throughout the world to provide radiation detection systems, including associated communications packages, training and initial maintenance support for land, sea and air international crossing points. These systems have proven their effectiveness. Though there are numerous challenges in providing these systems for operation in a range of cultures and environments, a different set of challenges emerges after installation. These are challenges in ensuring the long term effective operation of the equipment, available trained personnel and the integration of these systems into broader threat reduction efforts. The key to meeting these challenges is building alliances at multiple levels and between multiple players: between SLD and the host government to develop strong sustainability programmes; among different agencies within a country which previously may not have had extensive interactions; regionally among host countries to meet smuggling challenges; between industry and government to improve technical capability; and globally to leverage resources effectively.
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