Traditional grazing systems used by pastoralists of eastern Alborz (north of Iran)

摘要

@@ Introduction Human being is an important component of rangeland ecosystems and rangeland management strategies depends on socio‐cultural context. Understanding indigenous knowledge and traditional tactics and techniques are necessary to develop range management science and upgrade range exploitation ways especially in developing countries (Macleod,1997). There are many traditional grazing systems among pastoralists of eastern Alborz who have a transhumant life style.