US MACT Implementing Practices to Regulate HAPs from Hazardous Waste Incinerators and Cement Kilns in Korea

摘要

Korean list for hazardous air pollutants, like United States Environmental Protection Agency regulation, is also changing and updating since 1970's and emission limits are getting stringent too. With the trend toward more stringent regulation, Korea has investigated implementing maximum achievable control technology in the United States or best available technology standard in Europe to manage hazardous air pollutants from major sources of industries. Current management practices and the installed air pollution control devices were surveyed; emission tests and the continuous emission data collected from facilities under operation were assessed considering other MACT requirements. Emission sampling and analysis of air pollutants were carried out at representative hazardous waste incinerators installed with wet and dry types of air pollution control devices and cement kilns installed with selective non-catalytic reduction, spray tower and bag filter. Korean and US EPA method was used for sampling and analysis. The major heavy metals emitted were Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr from hazardous waste incinerators and Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, from cement kilns. Heavy metal removal efficiency of existing air pollution control devices was over 99 % in hazardous waste incinerators and 98 % in cement kilns examined. Average mercury removal efficiency was over 30% in hazardous waste incinerators and removal efficiency in bag filter of the examined cement kilns was 60%.Toluene, m,p-xylene, o-xylene, benzene; dichloromethane; styrene; ethylbenzene; 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene from hazardous waste incinerators and benzene, acrylonitrileand toluene from cement kilns were the major VOCs emitted. The measured data from field test are compared, reviewed and analyzed with regulations to check adaptability. Experts views and stakeholders opinion are taken and finally a draft guideline was suggested for the effective HAPs management in the country.