HYDROGEOCHEMICAL AND ISOTOPICEVALUATION OF THERMAL AND MINERALIZEDWATERS OF TERME-(KIR ? EHIR) AND KOZAKLI(NEV ? EHIR), AREAS, TURKEY

摘要

In the Central Anatolian Region, two neighboring cities of Kir?ehir and Nev?ehirhave signifi cant thermal and mineral water potentials. The Kir?ehir massive andCenozoic magmatic units are exposed around Terme and Kir?ehir areas. Around Kozakli(Nev?ehir), the Kir?ehir massive is overlain by thick salt layers such as gypsum typeevaporitic rocks of Oligocene age. Thermal and mineral waters are mostly manifestedthrough the normal faults. Lower parts of Oligocene deposits in Kozakli are composedof conglomerate and sandstone. Thermal and mineral waters that form aquifer infractures of marble and schists of the Kir?ehir massive are accumulated via buriedfaults in Oligocene conglomerate and sandstones which comprise another aquifer withwarmer temperature. On the contrary, in the Kir?ehir area, faults that cut the Pliocenecover within the marble and massive pebbly schists transport the water to the surface.In Kir?ehir-Terme, springs have discharge temperature of about 41°C, but temperaturereach 60°C in the bottom hole. Temperature of waters in the Kozakli area is 90–98°Cwhile it exceeds 100°C in the bottom hole. The water types of Kir?ehir and Kozakli areaare Ca–HCO3 and Na–Cl, respectively. Environmental isotope results ( 18O, 2H, 3H, 13C)indicate that thermal waters have a meteoric origin and some of rainwater is percolateddownward along fracture and faults and heated at depth and then rises to the surfacealong fractures and faults which act as hydrothermal conduit.