Risk Assessment of Volcanic Hazards of Changbaishan Region Based on RS and GIS

摘要

The keystones of research on modern volcanic hazards and calamity are from static research on local or regional change to dynamic research on global change, which emphasize particularly on monitoring volcanic activity and countermeasures of disaster recovery. Geological problems are emphases of volcano study in China in the past few years. Research on volcano mitigation starts now. There is still few case of integrative risk assessment. Baitoushan volcano in the Changbaishan region is an active volcano with the most possible eruption and causing hazards in China. So the paper introduces a kind of brand-new Geographic method―Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) to risk evaluation of volcanic hazards and attempt to introduce a kind of new risk evaluation approach of volcanic hazards based on Area Source Model. When choosing evaluative indexes, we take three aspects of fatalness of volcanic hazards, socio-economic vulnerability, harmfulness of causing-disaster factors into account. The fundamental data of evaluation in the studied area are acquired by the method of man-machine interpreting TM image, and referring to forefathers' research results to do correction. Cell (1 km x 1 km size of raster unit) is partitioned in Changbaishan region, which is realized in raster GIS platform. The above results were combined with the cell based on Area Source Model following mathematical models of risk evaluation on ARC/INFO GRID sub modular. From risk evaluation result of volcanic hazards in Changbaishan region we can conclude that: ①The value of risk is lower with far from Baitoushan crater, which is tallied with other scholars' and the general cognition. ②The contribution to risk of pyroclastic flow is very big, while the influence of fulgurite is comparatively small, which is identical with the fact that the amount and harmfulness of pyroclastic is much larger than fulgurite. The following fact shows that the method that the dissertation adopts is very practicable.