'Cleft-fluid Pressure' Depletion as the Main Ground Subsidence Factor in Oil, Water, and Steam Fields

摘要

Lowering the groundwater level or reservoir pressure in fractured rock fields reduces the buoyant effect whatever the pore-water pressure or "cleft-water pressure"; thereby increasing the effective stress within the depth trough fluid pressure has been lowered. Vertical movements are the result of human activities changing an environmental condition as the "cleft-water pressure" which it deformation at surface are divided in a three phases process: regional subsidence, fissure develop and growth faults. An equation for fluid flow-strain simulation is proposed using the "cleft-fluid pressure" parameters.