A Survey on Chloramine Treatment

摘要

Chloramines have gained increased attention as a mechanism of providing distribution systemdisinfectant residual while balancing issues related to the formation of disinfection by-products(DBPs), biofilm control, nitrification, and chlorinous taste and odor. However, the drinkingwater industry still does not have a comprehensive document that addresses operational andpractical issues related to chloramination in drinking water facilities.The Chloramine Treatment Survey presented in this paper is part of a larger project with goals todevelop practical chloramination guidelines for use in the Utility Operation Toolbox and toupdate the AwwaRF Manual entitled "Optimizing Chloramine Treatment" published in 1993.The survey centers on practical experiences and engineering/operational solutions that can beapplied to solve chloraminated systems problems. The survey questionnaire focused on four keyareas: decision approach for choosing chloramination, engineering design guidelines, proceduresregarding the start-up and operation of chloramine treatment facilities, and community relations.The written survey questionnaire was prepared and placed on an internet website, along with aprintable form to facilitate survey distribution. It was addressed to utilities using chloramines atthe time, as well as utilities considering converting to chloramines to capture the specific issuesand concerns of these particular water suppliers. A total of 69 responses were received.