The structure of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) is especially important for steel quality. The annular step SEN has been developed to prevent uneven flow resulting from SV throttle. Water model experiments show that the annular step SEN is effective not only in suppressing uneven flow at nozzle bore and outlet port, but also in preventing powder-slag sucking and alumina buildup. The annular step SEN has various merits for improving steel quality, which have been confirmed at many casters.
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