The work presents a novel multiple reference picture selection scheme, named multi-reference prediction chain, to encode video. Temporal scalability is obtained from the prediction scheme in which prediction chains are constructed for the pattern of prediction dependency between P-frames. The inter-chain independence also endows the video with error recovery ability. We dynamically manage the prediction chains or a group of frames using a rate-distortion optimization framework that adapts to the channel bandwidth so that the expected end-to-end video quality may be achieved under a given rate constraint. The expected error resilience capability may be achieved by the entire recovery of the error chains. In our algorithm, the video is pre-encoded to be transported partly with temporal scalability. Simulation results show that our algorithm is feasible in temporal scalability and has high performance in error resilience.
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