Non-photorealistic rendering techniques, such as cartoon (or toon) rendering, can greatly enhance the quality of hand-drawn cel animation images, and with less effort. For this reason, toon rendering is one of the most popular techniques used in the cel animation image production field. Existing toon rendering techniques, however, have not been effective enough for real-time image processing. Because these techniques have not been adequate for certain processes that need immediate response, such as virtual reality or video games, this paper suggests a real-time toon rendering method to overcome this limitation via real-time outline detection and Phong shading. In addition, an effective resulting image can be produced by adding a shadow using a fast shadow-generating algorithm, while real-time execution remains possible.
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