We report contrasting oral reading impairments for Kanji (Japanese logographic or morphograpnic) words in two Japanese neurological patients with CVA. Through neurological battery tests one was identified as a surface dyslexic, while the other was identified as a phonological dyslexic. A Kanji-word oral reading test revealed that the Legitimate Alternative Reading Component (LARC) error, analogous to regularisation errors in English, with the inconsistent and exception words, were observed only with the surface dyslexic patient. In contrast, the phonological dyslexic patient made fewer errors, which were mainly word substitution errors. It was concluded that the different types of acquired dyslexia identified in English appear to have universal application. Of particular interest was that surface dyslexia during oral reading of Kanji words was observed i na Japanese CVA patient. Hitherto surface dyslexia in Japanese has been described by the dissociation between a better oral reading performance for Kanji and a poor performance for Kana.
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