The author considers question-answering (QA) systems with a numberof platforms operating in a common space. The platforms are equippedwith interrogators and/or with transponders. The goal of such QA systemsis to obtain information about the characteristics of the platforms withtransponders at the platforms with interrogators. A general model for QAsystems is introduced. Based on this model, it is shown that theprobability of identification, the information-theoretical efficiency,and the average cost are quantities suitable for evaluating QA systems.The theory is especially applicable to identification systems for friendor foe. For such a system the advantage offered by spread-spectrumtechniques is determined
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