The benefit of integrating life cycle assessment (LCA) and the monetary valuation technique has been proposed by reviewing standardization work in ISO and existing impact assessment methodologies as well as discussing its potential use in the decision-making process in industry. In order to obtain necessary data in applying the approach to Japanese society, a contingent valuation method (CVM) survey to estimate benefits of small reductions of mortality risk associated with ambient air pollution exposures has been conducted in the Tokyo area.
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