In Russia a system of obligatory state standards and norms is available for hydraulic structures design and operation. They were verified by the design experience, construction and operation of earth dams of various types and heights under various geological and climatic conditions, including regions of permafrost and high seismicity. The reliability and safety at the design stage are provided by applying the reliability factors to the design values of loads and effects, their combinations, parameters of materials and soils dam-foundation static interaction conditions. The structures are divided into four grades with corresponding reliability factors in accordance with significance of the negative effects at their failure. The required safety and reliability are provided by strict observance of design requirements, rules of maintenance, monitoring and remedial measures.
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