Development of emission factors for antiskid materials applied to ice- and snow-covered roadways

摘要

The application of antiskid materials to ice- and snow-covered roadways can create a temporary but substantial increase in silt loadign and thus PM-10 emissions. To characterize these emissions, a multi-year field study was conducted at two separate locations using different treatment methods at each site. At the first site, located near Duluth, Minnesota, a sand/salt mixture was applied to a high speed four-lane highway. Testing at a second site in Kansas City, Missouri, involved the use of rock salt applied to a high volume, four-lane arterial.