Generalized vector radiative transfer and applications to pulse scattering, nonspherical particles and wave correlations in the atmosphere

摘要

We present our studies related to wave propagation and scattering in the atmosphere. First, we consider pulse scattering. General formulations are given for two-frequency radiative transfer and two-frequency complex Stokes vectors. The problem of a short pulse incident on a plane parallel scattering medium is formulated, and numerical examples are given for optical pulse scattering in fog and millimeter pulse scattering in rain. Included in this study is the case of resonance scattering where particle sizes are comparable to a wavelength. Phase, group, and energy velocities are identified, and distinction is made for coherent and incoherent pulse waves. Next, we consider vector radiative transfer applied to nonspherical particles such as ice particles and Pruppacher-Pitter raindrops in the atmosphere. General extinction matrix formulations and first-order solutions are presented with numerical examples for microwave scattering. Generalizations of polarization signature and angular, frequency and polarization correlations are then discussed, including imaging and vector radar equations in the atmosphere.